Samaritan Gastroenterology – Corvallis

Barrett’s esophagus is a condition where the esophageal lining changes, typically due to chronic acid reflux. While most patients won’t develop cancer, some may experience precancerous changes called dysplasia. Primarily affecting middle-aged Caucasian men with long-term heartburn, diagnosis requires endoscopy and biopsy. The cancer risk is low—about 0.5% annually—but periodic screenings are recommended. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and, in some cases, removing abnormal tissue. Patients should consult their doctor for personalized screening and management strategies.

Diverticulosis, a common condition affecting half of Americans over 60, involves small pouches in the digestive tract’s wall, typically in the colon. Primarily caused by low-fiber diets, most people are unaware they have the condition as it rarely causes symptoms. Diagnosed through colonoscopy or imaging tests, treatment is usually unnecessary. When symptoms occur, doctors recommend increasing fiber intake through diet or supplements. Potential complications include inflammation, infection, bleeding and intestinal blockage. While typically manageable, repeated diverticulitis attacks may require surgical intervention.

ERCP, is a specialized technique used to study the bile ducts, pancreatic duct and gallbladder. Ducts are drainage routes; the drainage channels from the liver are called bile or biliary ducts. The pancreatic duct is the drainage channel from the pancreas.

Esophageal dilation is a medical procedure that stretches narrowed esophageal passages, typically caused by acid reflux scarring. Performed under sedation, doctors use endoscopic techniques to gradually dilate the esophagus, helping patients who experience difficulty swallowing. The minimally invasive procedure involves passing dilating instruments through the mouth, with most patients resuming normal activities the same day. Potential rare complications include perforation or bleeding. Repeat treatments may be necessary depending on the underlying cause, with acid-suppressing medications potentially reducing recurrence. Patients should consult their physician about individual treatment needs

Esophageal manometry is a diagnostic test measuring muscle contractions and pressures in the esophagus. Patients fast for six hours before the procedure, during which a thin tube is inserted through the nose into the stomach. Healthcare professionals monitor muscle function while the patient swallows water and remains still. The 30-minute test helps diagnose conditions causing pain, heartburn or swallowing difficulties. Mild side effects like sore throat or nasal discomfort may occur, but serious complications are rare. Results are sent to the patient’s physician for further evaluation.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occurs when stomach contents flow back into the esophagus due to a malfunctioning lower esophageal sphincter. Common symptoms include heartburn and acid regurgitation. Causes include obesity, pregnancy, diet and lifestyle factors. Treatment ranges from dietary changes and over-the-counter medications to prescription proton pump inhibitors. In severe cases, surgery may be considered. Patients should consult a doctor if symptoms persist or are accompanied by weight loss, swallowing difficulties or internal bleeding.

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a medical procedure inserting a feeding tube directly into the stomach through the abdominal wall. Designed for patients with swallowing difficulties or nutrition challenges, the minimally invasive procedure allows direct administration of liquid nutrition, fluids and medications. Performed under sedation, PEG tubes can last months or years and are easily replaced. Potential complications include site infection, tube dislodgment and leakage. Patients should discuss oral intake restrictions and tube care with their physician. The procedure provides critical nutritional support for those unable to eat traditionally.

Colonoscopy is the most effective method for detecting and removing colon polyps. Screening techniques include stool sample tests, sigmoidoscopy and CT colonography. During a colonoscopy, precancerous polyps can be removed painlessly using a wire loop, biopsy forceps or electric current. Removal timing depends on polyp type, number and size. While rare, potential complications include bleeding and colon perforation.

Minor rectal bleeding, often caused by hemorrhoids, can signal serious conditions like colon cancer. Hemorrhoids, swollen blood vessels in the rectum, typically result from constipation, pregnancy or obesity. Doctors evaluate bleeding through digital exams and procedures like colonoscopy. Treatment varies from over-the-counter creams to medical interventions such as rubber band ligation. Other potential causes include anal fissures, proctitis and colon polyps. While most cases are benign, rectal bleeding warrants medical attention to rule out serious conditions, particularly colon cancer, which is curable if detected early.