Prevent Measles With Vaccination March 20, 2025 Measles is a highly contagious viral disease that poses significant health risks, especially for the unvaccinated. As outbreaks in Texas, New Mexico and Oklahoma continue and Washington state documents its first case of measles this year, it’s important to understand how to prevent measles and recognize symptoms. Prevention “Vaccination is without a doubt the single most important and effective way to prevent measles infection,” said Adam Brady, MD, medical director of infectious disease for Samaritan Health Services. “Extensive medical research has proven that the MMR vaccine is safe and effective, however declining vaccination rates have given this virus a chance to spread in people without prior immunity.” The measles, mumps and rubella – or MMR – vaccine is highly effective, with two doses providing approximately 97% protection against measles. Multiple studies have not found a link between MMR vaccine and autism. Maintaining high vaccination rates within communities ensures herd immunity, protecting those who cannot be vaccinated, such as infants under 6 months and individuals with compromised immune systems. Additional preventive measures include: Practicing good hygiene, such as frequent handwashing. Avoiding close contact with infected individuals. Isolating suspected cases to prevent the spread of the virus. While vitamin A is recommended for children hospitalized with a severe measles infection, vitamin A does not prevent measles and is not a substitute for vaccination. Symptoms to Watch For Measles symptoms typically appear 7 to 14 days after exposure to the virus. Early signs include: High fever (which may spike above 104°F). Cough, runny nose, and red, watery eyes (conjunctivitis). Tiny white spots inside the mouth. A red, blotchy rash usually appears about three to five days after the initial symptoms, starting on the face and spreading downward to the rest of the body. Severe complications, such as pneumonia, encephalitis or even death, can occur, particularly in young children and immunocompromised individuals. “If someone presents with symptoms of measles, we often ask if they have recently traveled internationally or to a place where measles is circulating,” Dr. Brady said. Vaccination The MMR vaccine is the cornerstone of measles prevention. Children should get two doses, the first at 12 to 15 months and the second at 4 to 6 years. Most people who received two MMR shots as children are considered fully immunized for life with no additional vaccination needed. People born before 1957 typically have natural immunity from childhood exposure and do not require vaccination. Adults born after 1957 should get at least one MMR shot if they have no documentation of vaccination or previous measles infection. Certain groups should receive two doses at least 28 days apart, including college students, health care workers, international travelers and women of childbearing age before pregnancy. To confirm your vaccination status, check childhood medical records, state Immunization Information Systems or consider an MMR immunity blood test. People with weakened immune systems, organ transplant recipients and those undergoing certain medical treatments like chemotherapy may not be able to safely receive the live MMR vaccine. For those who plan to travel internationally, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provides advice on being fully vaccinated before they leave, regardless of their destination. Post-exposure Vaccination If exposed to measles, unvaccinated individuals can still benefit from post-exposure prevention measures. The MMR vaccine, administered within 72 hours of exposure, may prevent the disease or reduce its severity. For high-risk individuals, such as pregnant women, infants and immunocompromised persons, immune globulin can be given within six days of exposure to provide temporary protection. “Measles is preventable through vaccination and public health measures,” Dr. Brady said. “Recognizing symptoms early and taking appropriate actions, including post-exposure interventions, can significantly reduce its impact. By staying informed and proactive, we can protect ourselves and our most vulnerable community members from this potentially severe disease.” There are several places to get an MMR vaccine, including through an appointment with a primary care provider or at a nearby Samaritan pharmacy. Learn more about the measles from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
